Fractured by the uprising peasants, the Qin was replaced by Liu Bang's Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). In the third century BCE, the Qin dynasty ended the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period when Qin Shi Huangdi assumed the self-invented title of Huangdi (Emperor of China). Classic literature, and the Hundred Schools of Thought emerged during this period and influenced the region and beyond for centuries to come. Written script was developed and inscription of Bronze and engraving of Oracle bone became common. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a political system to serve hereditary monarchies. The mythical Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors marks the beginning of a shared identity. Modern China traces its origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and largest financial center is Shanghai. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two special administrative regions ( Hong Kong and Macau). With an area of nearly 9.6 million square kilometres (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the world's third largest country by total land area. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, tied with Russia as having the most of any country in the world. It is the world's second-most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion. China ( Chinese: 中国 pinyin: Zhōngguó), officially the People's Republic of China ( PRC), is a country in East Asia.
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